Self-assembly on natural cellulose: Towards high-efficient catalysts

Nanoarchitectures based on the layer-by-layer self-assembly technique hold great potential for the availability and applicability of bio-inspired functional materials. The introduction of various specific functional building blocks onto the nanofibers of natural cellulose substances (e.g., commercial filter paper, cotton, etc.) through the self-assembly approach provides a facile strategy for the fabrication of artificial nanomaterials. This review summarizes a series of cellulose-based catalytic materials fabricated by utilizing the natural cellulose substance as the structural scaffolds or templates through the LbL self-assembly process. The unique three-dimensional network porous structures and high surface areas of the cellulose substances were maintained by the resultant cellulose-derived catalysts, while the excellent mechanical strength of the cellulose-based membrane catalysts was inherited from the initial cellulose substrates. When employed for the photodegradation of organic dyes, the photocatalytic hydrogen production from water splitting, and the antibiosis, these cellulose-based catalysts exhibited high activities and excellent cycling stabilities.     

Determination of dynamic properties of flax fibres reinforced laminate using vibration measurements

Experimental and numerical methods to identify the linear viscoelastic properties of flax fibre reinforced polymer (FFRP) composite are presented in this study. The method relies on the evolution of storage modulus and loss factor as observed through the frequency response. Free-free symmetrically guided beams were excited in the dynamic range of 10 Hz to 4 kHz with a swept sine excitation focused around their first modes. A fractional derivative Zener model has been identified to predict the complex moduli. A modified ply constitutive law has been then implemented in a classical laminates theory calculation (CLT) routine. Overall, the Zener model fitted the experimental results well. The storage modulus was not frequency dependant, while the loss factor increased with frequency and reached a maximum value for a fibre orientation of 70°. The damping of FFRP was, respectively, 5 and 2 times higher than for equivalent carbon and glass fibres reinforced epoxy composites.     

Investigation on nonlinear thermo-acoustic characteristics of Rijke tube

Based on the energy conservation relationship,nonlinear thermo-acoustic effects of Rijke tube including instability range,saturation processes and higher harmonics modes were investigated.With coupling between the external flow and the inner space of a Rijke tube, the acoustic characteristics of self-excited oscillation were simulated.The experimental study was also carried out and the results were compared with those from simulation.The nonlinear factors which distort the acoustic waveform distortion were analyzed.From the results,it is seen that varying size of the nozzle outlet changes the acoustic impedance in the boundary, and leads to reduction of the nonlinear effects.The results show that the modes of self-excited oscillation could be influenced by the position of higher harmonics.In the large amplitude oscillation,the distortion of pressure wave within Rijke tube could be induced by the acoustic losses due to vortices on nozzle.It is found that the waveform distortion could be avoided by the shrinkage of nozzle.     

非双倍条件下极大奇异积分算子的估计

It is shown that the maximal singular integral operator with kernels satisfying Ho rmander＇s condition is of weak type （1,1） and L^p （1〈p〈∞） bounded without assuming that the underlying measure p is doubling. Under stronger smoothness conditions,such estimates can be obtained by using a Cotlar＇s inequality. This inequality is not applicable here and it is noticeable that the Cotlar＇s inequality maybe fails under Hormander＇s condition.     

Marcinkiewicz积分交换子的弱型(H1,L1)估计

§1Introductionandstatementofresult DenotebySn-1theunitsphereinRn(n≥2)equippedwiththenormalizedLebesgue measuredx′=dσ(x′).LetΩ∈L1(Sn-1)behomogeneousofdegreezeroandsatisfy∫Sn-1Ω(x′)dx′=0.(1.1)Then-dimensionalMarcinkiewiczintegralcorrespondingtotheLittlewood-Paleyg-functionintroducedbyStein[1]isdefinedbyμΩ(f)(x)=∫∞0|FΩ,t(f)(x)|2dtt31/2,where FΩ,t(f)(x)=∫|x-y|≤tΩ(x-y)|x-y|n-1f(y)dy.In1958,Stein[1]provedthatifΩ∈Lipγ(Sn-1)(0<γ≤1),thenμΩisoftype(p,p)for1相似文献   

Stereoselective intramolecular cycloadditions of homochiral nitrile imines: synthesis of enantiomerically pure 3,3a-dihydro-pyrazolo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine-6(4H)-ones

Starting from the commercially available (S)-1-phenylethylamine, we have synthesised the homochiral hydrazonoyl chlorides 4. The intramolecular cycloaddition of the corresponding nitrile imines 5 gave the diastereoisomeric 3,3a-dihydro-pyrazolo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine-6(4H)-ones 6 and 7 in enantiopure form.     

Resolving the stratification discrepancy of turbulent natural convection in differentially heated air-filled cavities – Part I: Reference solutions using Chebyshev spectral methods

The problem of the long established thermal stratification discrepancy between numerical and experimental results is investigated in three companion articles. The Part I article establishes reference solutions by means of three-dimensional (3D) spectral direct numerical simulations of a buoyancy-driven flow (Ra_H = 1.5 × 10⁹). Two configurations of differentially heated air-filled cavity are considered: an idealized cavity (perfectly adiabatic cavity, PAC) and an Intermediate Realistic Cavity (IRC) making use of experimentally measured temperature distributions (Salat, 2004) on its top and bottom walls. The IRC flow structure as well as its associated rms fluctuations correspond to the experimentally observed flow dynamics. However both configurations keep resulting in a core thermal stratification value equal to 1.0 whereas experiments lead to a stratification of about 0.5. It is proved that this stratification paradox is neither related to three-dimensional effects nor to the experimental thermal distributions applied on the horizontal walls. Resolving this stratification discrepancy is the subject of the parts II and III articles (Sergent et al., 2013, Xin et al., 2012).